El Clásico (
"The Classic"), also known as
El derbi español, is the name given in
football to any match between
Real Madrid and
FC Barcelona. It is contested twice a year in the Spanish
La Liga competition, and more often if the clubs meet in other competitions. Other than the
UEFA Champions League Final, it is the most followed club football match in the world, watched by hundreds of millions of people.
[2]
The rivalry comes about as
Madrid and
Barcelona are the two largest
cities in
Spain,
and the two clubs are two of the richest, most successful and
influential football clubs in the world. Real Madrid leads the head to
head results in competitive matches with 88 wins. Barcelona leads the
count in official titles won with 78 trophies (the three
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup's won by Barcelona are included since the tournament is the predecessor of the
UEFA Cup and recognized by
FIFA), while Real Madrid has won 76 trophies. Along with
Athletic Bilbao, they are the only clubs in La Liga to have never been relegated. They are sometimes
identified with opposing political positions, with Real Madrid viewed as representing
Spanish nationalism and Barcelona viewed as representing
Catalanism.
[3] The rivalry is regarded as one of the biggest in world football
Rivalry
Historic divisions
The challenge between Real Madrid and Barcelona has long been surpassed the sporting dimension,
[7][8] thus elections to these clubs presidency are strongly politicized.
[9] As early as the 1930s, Barcelona
had developed a reputation as a symbol of Catalan pride and identity, opposed to the centralising tendencies of Madrid.
[10][11] In 1936, when
Francisco Franco started the
golpe against the democratic
Second Spanish Republic, the president of FC Barcelona,
Josep Sunyol, member of the
Republican Left of Catalonia and Deputy to
The Cortes, was arrested and executed without trial by Franco's troops
[9] (Sunyol was exercising his political activities, visiting Republican troops north of Madrid).
[10]
FC Barcelona was on top of the list of organizations to be purged by the
National faction, just after
communists,
anarchists, and
independentists.
[9][12] During the
Franco dictatorship, most citizens of Barcelona were in strong opposition to the fascist-like régime.
Phil Ball, the author of
Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football, calls El Clásico "a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War."
[13][14] A similar analogy was made by American author
Robert Coover, which described the 1977 match between the "archrivals" FC Barcelona and
Real Club Deportivo Español as "more like a reenactment of the Spanish Civil War than a mere athletic event."
[15]
Though the first socialist party in Spain was founded in Madrid,
almost all the ideas that have shaped the country's modern history –
republicanism,
federalism,
anarchism,
syndicalism and
communism– have been introduced via the region of
Catalonia, of which Barcelona is the capital.
[14][16] During the dictatorships of
Miguel Primo de Rivera
and of Francisco Franco, all regional languages and identities were
frowned upon and restrained. In this period, FC Barcelona gained their
motto
més que un club (
English: More than a club) because of its alleged connection to
progressive beliefs and its representative role for Catalonia.
[17] During Franco's regime, however, the
blaugrana team seemed to be granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level.
[18]
The links between senior Real Madrid representatives and the Franquist regime were undeniable;
[9] for most of the Catalans, Real Madrid was regarded as
the establishment club, in spite of the fact that presidents of both clubs like
Josep Sunyol and
Rafael Sánchez Guerra, suffered in the Spanish Civil War.
[10][19][20] This image was further affected by the creation, in 1980, of the
fascist-leaning Real Madrid
hooligan group.
[9] FC Barcelona also had the creation of a radical hooligan far-right group, called "Boixos Nois", who have commited violent acts.
[21]
For different but not contradictory reasons, for many people living in
the rest of Spain, FC Barcelona considered as "the alternative pole to
Real Madrid's
conservatism".
According to a pan-Hispanic poll released by CIS (Centro de
Investigaciones Sociológicas), Real Madrid's followers tend to adopt
right-wing views, while Barcelona fans are politically closer associated with the
left-wing.
[22]
Di Stéfano transfer
The rivalry was intensified during the 1950s when the clubs disputed the signing of
Alfredo Di Stéfano. Di Stéfano had impressed both Barcelona and Real Madrid whilst playing for
Club Deportivo Los Millonarios in
Bogotá,
Colombia, during a players' strike in his native
Argentina.
[23] Both Madrid and Barcelona attempted to sign him and, due to confusion that emerged from Di Stéfano moving to Millonarios from
River Plate
following the strike, both clubs claimed to own his registration. After
intervention from FIFA representative Muñoz Calero, it was decided that
both Barcelona and Real Madrid had to share the player in alternate
seasons. Barcelona's Franco-imposed president backed down after a few
appearances, as Barcelona's side claimed, but Real say Barcelona's
decision was voluntary and Di Stéfano moved definitively to Madrid.
[23]
Di Stéfano became integral in the subsequent success achieved by
Madrid, scoring twice in his first game against Barcelona. With him,
Madrid won the initial five
European Champions Cup competitions. The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the
European stage when they met twice at the
European Cup, Real Madrid winning in 1960 and Barcelona winning in 1961.
Current issues
During the last three decades, the rivalry has been augmented by the
modern Spanish tradition of the Pasillo, where one team is given the
guard of honor by the other team, once the latter clinches the La Liga
trophy before El Clásico takes place. This has happened in three
occasions. First, during El Clásico that took place on April 30, 1988,
where Real Madrid won the championship on the previous round. Then,
three years later, when Barcelona won the championship two rounds before
El Clásico on June 8, 1991.
[24] The last pasillo, and most recent, took place on May 7, 2008, and this time Real Madrid had won the championship.
[25]
When
Luís Figo' returned to the Barcelona field as a Real Madrid player, the Barcelona supporters' group
Boixos Nois threw a pig's head at him.
[26]
The two teams met again in the
UEFA Champions League
semi-final in 2002, with Real Madrid winning 2–0 in Barcelona and a 1–1
draw in Madrid. The match, dubbed by Spanish media as the "Match of the
Century," was watched by more than 500 million people.
[27] In the Clásico held on November 2005, Barcelona played away in Madrid, winning 3–0. The star of the Barcelona team was
Ronaldinho, who became the second Barcelona player after
Diego Maradona to receive a standing ovation from Real Madrid fans.
[28]
The passage of congratulating Real Madrid as champions of the league by Barcelona.
The rivalry has been strengthened over time by the internal transfer
of players between the clubs. Barcelona players who have later played
for Real Madrid include
Bernd Schuster, who switched in 1988; and
Michael Laudrup, who went to Real Madrid on a free transfer in 1994. The most notorious, however, was former vice-captain
Luís Figo's switch in 2000. Players transferring from Real Madrid to Barcelona are less frequent, the most recent being
Luis Enrique, who went to Barcelona in 1996 where he went on to captain Barcelona, and also coached the
reserve team in the 2008–09, 2009–10, and 2010–11 seasons.
[29]
A 2007 survey by the
Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas
determined that Real Madrid was the team with the largest following in
Spain. Thirty-two percent of the Spanish population supported Real
Madrid, while 25 percent supported Barcelona. In third place came
Valencia CF, who were supported by five percent.
[30]
According to a poll performed by Ikerfel in 2011 and published in AS,
Barcelona is the most popular team in Spain with 44% of preferences,
while Real Madrid is in the second place with 37%. In the overall
popularity, Atlético Madrid, Athletic Bilbao, Betis and Valencia
complete the top five.
[31]
Barcelona seems to be more popular in Europe than Madrid. A survey made
by the German research agency Sport+Markt in 2010 revealed that
Barcelona has approximately 57.8 million fans around Europe, while Real
Madrid has 31.3 million fans.
[32][33]
The rivalry intensified in 2011 where, due to the
final of the Copa Del Rey and the meeting of the two in the
UEFA Champions League,
Barcelona and Real Madrid were scheduled to meet each other four times
in 18 days. Several accusations of unsportsmanlike behaviour from both
teams and a war of words erupted throughout the fixtures which included
four red cards. Spain coach
Vicente del Bosque
stated that he was "concerned" that due to the rising hatred between
the two clubs, that this could cause friction in the national side.
[34]